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中国DOS联盟论坛 » WinPE、PowerShell及其它命令行系统专区 » [公告][原创]欢迎大家的到来暨PowerShell初步印象

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tigerpower
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『楼主』: [公告][原创]欢迎大家的到来暨PowerShell初步印象使用 LLM 解释/回答一下

这里刚刚成立，欢迎大家的到来！
由于正值五一假期，估计今后几天没有时间写文章，但也不希望这里是空荡荡的，所以就先简单的跟大家聊一聊PowerShell。

先申明一点，如果您是初学者，下面说的内容您并不是全懂，或者说，您对于命令行根本是个门外汉，但却对它很有兴趣，那么请您随时关注我们这个版块，我们将为初学者编写循序渐进的教程，使之能逐步掌握和使用。教程具体撰写工作将在节后逐步展开。
敬请期待！

PowerShell是微软下一代Windows命令行工具，它是一个全新的命令行，我粗略地读了一下它的手册页，并简单地试了几条命令，给我最强烈的感觉是“这个新工具的用法太像python了”（python是一种面向对象的脚本语言）。

我们知道，传统的shell－比如windows XP中的cmd.exe，它的输入输出都是文本，当我们用管道或者重定向连接几个命令时，我们所传递的都是文本。而PowerShell与之完全不同，它的输入输出都是对象。您可能没有面向对象的编程经验，这不要紧，我们先来看几个例子：
今天是2006年5月1日，我现在只想要年份，在cmd.exe中，我们可以

C:\> echo %date:~0,4%
2006

用切片的方法获得前4个字符。但这种方法有一个问题，那就是其他民族可能用的是05/01/2006的月/日/年的书写习惯，所以当系统的“区域和语言选项”设置不同时，变量date前4个字符未必就是年份。

而在PowerShell中的做法是：

PS C:\> ::now.year
2006

作为一个对象有属性now，now自身又有属性year。（属性其实类似于变量）
于是我们用上面的方法得到了年份。

如果我们要得到昨天日期，可以在PowerShell中：

PS C:\> ::now.adddays(-1)
2006年4月30日 7:29:00

只要昨天日期中的月份：

PS C:\> ::now.adddays(-1).month
4

adddays称为now的方法（方法其实类似于函数）
如果要把这个月份保存在变量中以便以后使用：

PS C:\> $yestoday=::now.adddays(-1).month
PS C:\> $yestoday
4

如果windows XP下的cmd要做同样的事（假设不借助第三方软件），一般先将年、月、日各自切片存入变量，然后再自己编写算法，由于要考虑一个月中有28天、30天、31天，还要考虑闰年，所以算法并不是很简单的。

可能您会问，究竟什么是属性，什么方法，它们要怎么使用？
举个例子：男生小明是体育委员，女生小玲是班长
小明作为一个对象他就有性别这个属性，这个属性的值就是男。
小明.性别 ->男
所以当在命令行里出现“小明.性别”，系统会自动计算出“男”。
类似的我们可以用“小玲.姓名”，系统会自动计算出“小玲”。
由于小玲是班长，在上下课时可以发送“起立”的指令。所以小铃就有“起立”这个方法，使用这个方法的结果就是全班同学站起。
小玲.起立() ->全班同学站起

又比如把"this is a string"转换成大写

PS C:\> "this is a string".ToUpper()
THIS IS A STRING

只要是字符串，就一定有ToUpper()这个方法。
"this is a string".ToUpper()返回的仍然是一个字符串对象，我们还可以用字符串的方法继续下去。

PS C:\> "this is a string".ToUpper().ToLower()
"this is a string"

关于PowerShell，今天就先谈到这里。

Last edited by tigerpower on 2006-5-2 at 12:50 ]

This place has just been established, welcome everyone's arrival!

Since it's just the May Day holiday, I估计 there won't be time to write articles in the next few days, but I don't want this place to be empty, so I'll first briefly chat with you about PowerShell.

First, I would like to state that if you are a beginner, you may not fully understand what I'm going to say below, or you are completely a layman in the command line but are very interested in it, then please pay close attention to our forum section. We will compile step-by-step tutorials for beginners so that they can gradually master and use it. The specific writing work of the tutorials will be carried out gradually after the holiday.
Please look forward to it!

PowerShell is Microsoft's next-generation Windows command-line tool. It is a brand-new command line. I roughly read its man page and simply tried a few commands. The strongest feeling I have is "the usage of this new tool is too similar to Python" (Python is an object-oriented scripting language).

We know that traditional shells - such as cmd.exe in Windows XP, its input and output are all text. When we use pipes or redirection to connect several commands, what we pass are all text. But PowerShell is completely different from this. Its input and output are all objects. You may not have object-oriented programming experience. It doesn't matter. Let's first look at a few examples:
Today is May 1, 2006. I only want the year now. In cmd.exe, we can

C:\> echo %date:~0,4%
2006

Use the slicing method to get the first 4 characters. But there is a problem with this method. That is, other ethnic groups may use the writing habit of month/day/year like 05/01/2006. So when the "Regional and Language Options" setting of the system is different, the first 4 characters of the variable date may not necessarily be the year.

But the way in PowerShell is:

PS C:\> ::now.year
2006

is an object with the property now, and now itself has the property year. (Properties are actually similar to variables)
So we get the year in the above way.

If we want to get yesterday's date, in PowerShell:

PS C:\> ::now.adddays(-1)
April 30, 2006 7:29:00

Only the month in yesterday's date:

PS C:\> ::now.adddays(-1).month
4

adddays is called a method of now (methods are actually similar to functions)
If we want to save this month in a variable for future use:

PS C:\> $yestoday=::now.adddays(-1).month
PS C:\> $yestoday
4

If cmd under Windows XP wants to do the same thing (assuming no third-party software is used), generally first slice the year, month, and day into variables respectively, and then write the algorithm by yourself. Since it is necessary to consider that there are 28 days, 30 days, 31 days in a month, and also consider leap years, the algorithm is not very simple.

Maybe you will ask, what exactly are properties and methods, and how should they be used?
Let's take an example: Boy Xiaoming is the sports committee member, Girl Xiaoling is the monitor
Xiaoming, as an object, has the attribute gender, and the value of this attribute is male.
Xiaoming.gender ->male
So when "Xiaoming.gender" appears in the command line, the system will automatically calculate "male".
Similarly, we can use "Xiaoling.name", and the system will automatically calculate "Xiaoling".
Since Xiaoling is the monitor, she can send the instruction "stand up" during class breaks. So Xiaoling has the method "stand up". Using this method will result in all classmates standing up.
Xiaoling.stand up() ->All classmates stand up

For example, convert "this is a string" to uppercase

PS C:\> "this is a string".ToUpper()
THIS IS A STRING

As long as it is a string, it must have the ToUpper() method.
"this is a string".ToUpper() still returns a string object, and we can continue to use the methods of the string.

PS C:\> "this is a string".ToUpper().ToLower()
"this is a string"

That's all for talking about PowerShell today.

Last edited by tigerpower on 2006-5-2 at 12:50 ]

2006-5-1 08:28